Rome and participatory differentiation
If the term ‘participatory differentiation’ is to be used to classify Athens and Rome as type 5 societies then two dimensions of ‘participation’ should be identified at the outset — (a) the external dimension that distinguishes type 5 participation from other types of society, and (b) internal dimensions that shows us how and why participations evolved and took multiple forms with multiple functions within the society.
The first step is simply to decide whether it is correct to characterise ‘participation’ as an absolute external distinguishing feature of type 5 societies. It would have to be shown that ‘participation’ is not significant or evident in previous or later types of society in any meaningful sense of the term ‘participation’. For this purpose I need briefly to run through the earlier differentiations once again to verify the absence of ‘participation’.
What is ‘not’
I can argue that questions about participation do not arise in the type 2 egalitarian society of group-over-pe…